Periodic Limb Movement Disorder

The exact cause of PLMS is still unknown. Scientists believe that the underlying mechanisms probably involve factors in the nervous system, although studies have not revealed any consistent abnormalities. Periodic limb movements are not considered medically serious. They can, however, be implicated as a contributing factor in chronic insomnia and/or daytime fatigue because they may cause awakenings during the night. Occasionally, PLMS may be an indicator of a serious medical condition such as kidney disease, diabetes or anemia.

Individuals with Periodic limb movements in sleep may also experience restless legs syndrome (RLS), an irritation or uncomfortable sensation in the calves or thighs, as they attempt to fall asleep or when they awaken during the night. Walking or stretching may relieve the sensations, at least temporarily. However, research also shows that many individuals have PLMS without experiencing any symptoms at all. It’s not unusual for the bed partner to be the one who’s most aware of the movements, since they may disturb his/her sleep.

A number of medications have been shown to be effective in treating Periodic limb movements in sleep, but treatment is only necessary when PLMS are accompanied by restless legs (RLS), insomnia or daytime fatigue.